這真是太寫實了…
…Even when benefits occur, participartory development is too slow to fit into the normal funding cyucle of most agencies. Eyben and Ladbury comment that there is often pressure in agencies to speed up implementation, which makes it difficult for them to consult adquately with project field staff, much less pursue participartory activities with beneficiaries. In addition, agencies must satisfy their donors and this creates a need to justify expenditure by showing tangible results relatively quickly. For Hussein this explains why agencies concentrate on programmes implementing technical changes.
introduction, by editors nici nelson and susan wright
NGOs and citizen networks…feel they have the right to participate in global making, yet much less attention has been paid to their obligations in pursuing this role responsibly, or to concrete ways in which these rights might be expressed in the emerging structures of global governance.
Government authorities often collude and reinforce the exclusion of direct stakeholders by inviting the elite NGOs into policy-making processes, rather than the loud, militant, and difficult to control grassroots groups who do not speak the same buraucratic language that elite social advocates have learned
Grassroots constituencies and their formations often feel “used” by their NGO brethren in many ways. Links with them –often extremely perfunctory– are used to establish legitimacy and credibility for NGOs claiming to speak for the masses. Issues are often taken out of the hands of the grassroots stake holders, who might have been the first to mobilize around them, with sometimes-negative results for their communities.
It was necessary to bury the myth of the “school as liberating force, … in order to perceive the educational institution in the true light of its social uses, that is, as one of the foundations of domination and of the legitimation of domination.
P. Bourdieu, Social Structures and Mental Structures, in The State Nobility
Symbolic power is a power of creating things with words. … In this sense, symbolic power is a power of consecration or revelation, a power to conceal or reveal things which are already there.
P. Bourdieu, Social space and symbolic power, in In Other Words
